I make fun of home-schooling a lot. I make fun of the lack of breadth in education I've noted in many home-schoolers. I've made fun of the lack of cultural acuity rampant in home-schooling families. I've made fun of the obvious fundamentalist biases - political, social, cultural - that I've seen crop up in most home-schoolers I've known (almost exclusively Christian families). And most of all, I've made fun of the social oblivion in which home-schools dwell, entirely unaware of their own weirdnesses.
But I don't think I've ever layed down my honest opinion of where I think education in America should go. So here it is.
In sum: Public schooling should be abolished as it is not within the auspices of government. Private schools should be the order of the day. Education should not be mandatory. If a parent wants his kid to attend a school, he will pay for that child to attend. Otherwise, a child is free to learn at home in the manner by which the parents feel he ought best be tutored. Child labour laws should be repealed as well - as a child who works for the good of the family is a child who respects the legacy of that family.
1) Not only is public schooling beyond the scope of our government's purpose, but our government has shown itself historically to be vastly inefficient when it attempts to take over that which belongs to the private sector. Public schooling is largely inefficient because of the many constraints placed upon it by the government: classes that are not academic in nature; curriculae that promote a current regimes political philosophy; fear-based standards of grading where the students self-esteem is the focus over and above his academic worth (actually, these criticisms apply equally to home-schooling in my opinion).
2) The only official schooling that I would promote would be that built and run by the private sector. Schools that compete on the marketplace of education will produce better courses, curriculae, and standards - this is the natural hand of competition. If School A falls behind School B in accomplishment, School A will lose students (and students = money) to School B. In order to stem this loss of revenue, School A will evolve itself or die. Parents would be able to choose schools according to their desired standards: Christian, Catholic, Buddhist, academic, trade, &c. And corporations will recruit from and endorse the best schools - further forcing educational institutions to truly educate its students.
3) If education is not mandatory, than those who are not suited nor interested in learning can be removed early on so as to spare the disruption and retardation that would necessarily come from their forced inclusion in the classroom. The potential of a student's removal from the educational system will force a wider involvement of parents in the studies of the nation's children. The additional discipline that will ensue when Mom and Pop protect their monetary investment can't be a bad thing.
4) If a parent cannot afford a decent education for his child (despite that fact that in such a system their would naturally be a wide range of schooling models available), he still has two options available to him: home-schooling or helpful labour. As the child would be around the home anyway, home-schooling would be a natural solution to filling time in the child's formative years. Or if the family is so poor as to be unable to provide the luxury of education, there is no reason for sadness in the child's involvement to some degree in assisting his parents in the provision for the family (it had been this way for millennia, so I don't see why modern luxury should make child labour an evil).
And as a fairly large number of children would be in this position of home learning or labour, it would become so normative that society would naturally provide for the children's socialization through closer knit bonds - such as those societies with less of those modern luxuries we have come to enjoy in America. This would remedy my sizeable reservation with the validity of the modern home-schooling movement.
Additionally, I think that trade schools are a great thing for those lacking the academic prowess and funds to attend universities. Apprenticeship would come back into vogue in the lower and middle classes. Education would be appreciated. Who knows, maybe a new age of artisans, craftsmen, and academia would arise if people were unshackled from the burden of government regulated education.
note: so far as my true feelings on home-schooling, you should - from this bit o' honey opinion-making - be able to discern that I am not against it per se. It in fact plays intimately into my master plan. I do have a problem with its current incarnation and methodology, but that's only part-and-parcel to my issue with the current trend in national education (that has a hundred-year history - or so).